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Nonrenewable Energy

Petroleum Crude Oil (Hydrocarbon-fossil fuel)

Petroleum crude oil maintains its high economic value as the most priced energy that set the benchmark for energy price-market exchange. Despite its formidable reputation among environmentalists, it is still an integral part of modern life, market, and international monetary valuation standard. It is still a fuel of choice when heating homes, fueling transportation like trains, buses, cars, boats, ships, and planes. Learn more

 Natural Gas (Hydrocarbon-Fossil Fuel

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture. A fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane gas originates deep beneath the earth’s surface. Still, it contains smaller amounts of natural gas liquids (N.G.L., which are also hydrocarbon gas liquids) and nonhydrocarbon gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, helium, and water vapor. Learn more 

Natural gas is a nonrenewable hydrocarbon used as an energy source for many purposes, including industrial, commercial, and domestic purposes like heating, cooking, cooling, and electricity generation.

Our vision is to be the biggest, safest, best, and most efficient provider of natural gas and different energy mix services and supplies (renewable and nonrenewable energy) in the united states. We plan to build and manage extensive proprietary natural gas pipelines and many above and below ground natural gas storage assets, as we become the largest intrastate natural gas pipeline systems, operator. We plan to safely deliver clean, reliable, affordable, efficient, and abundant natural gas to many homes, commercial and industrial customers, government and nongovernmental enterprises in many communities across several states. Our priority as a minority-owned business enterprise is to continue to invest in people, safety, innovative technology, energy mix, environmental sustainability, natural gas industry, market, and our communities.

Up until recently, natural gas was not a very popular energy source. Little effort is needed to find or develop gas reserves because gas was more challenging to produce and transport than oil. In most fields where oil is available in large quantities with natural gas, the standard option to conserve or harness gas in oil-producing reservoirs is via re-injection. Other serious problems that limit the extensive use of gas are the inadequate commercial demands and a weak market for natural gas since new markets were not encouraged nor created to justify the large-scale exploration. Furthermore, until recently, building facilities to collect residual natural gas during oil production has been cost-prohibitive, and maintaining such facilities is also very expensive. Where facilities collect residual gas during oil production and the gas fields are scattered with low pressure, natural gas must be compressed, treated, and harnessed before being transported.

Furthermore, most fields’ physical location (away from available domestic, national and international markets) does not facilitate the construction of pipelines for export –especially in many African countries. Meanwhile, domestic demand does not justify the tremendous cost of extensive exploration, production, and natural gas storage. These problems led oil and gas producers to adopt re-injection and flaring of natural gas where it is economical to produce only oil.

Black Crystal Energy is currently providing remedial services and solutions for these problems and other oil-related oil and gas development activities such as secondary recovery from marginal fields, oil spills, refinery operation contamination, gas transportation, and development of alternative uses and new markets (domestic and international) for currently flared natural gas. Our commitment is to use new technology to reduce chemical releases and emissions to the air, sea, rivers, streams, lakes, land, and the subsurface. We can eliminate, wherever possible, or minimize generated hydrocarbon wastes produced throughout our operations while protecting the environment’s vital natural resources through treatment or recycling.

The unsubstantiated assumptions that oil and gas companies are responsible for most environmental degradation because of oil exploration, drilling, and production activities are unwarranted. Many factors may be primarily accountable for environmental degradation

These factors, depending on the type of oil and gas operation, the operating company’s reputation, geographical location of the field, kind of government and associated regulations, environmental and cultural interaction, and the inhabitants’ sensitivity. Notably, development, construction, erosion, denudation, shift or growth in population, migration phenomena, farming, and unregulated agricultural practices have contributed immensely to environmental degradation near oil and gas field production.

Nuclear

Nuclear energy is the energy in the nucleus or core of an atom. The energy is released to create electricity.

Nuclear Energy produces electricity generated by nuclear reactions produced from within an atom’s nucleus (core) through nuclear fusion, decay, and fusion reactions.  The atoms are split apart to form smaller particles, generating, and releasing energy. Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission to produce electricity. Electricity in many developed countries comes from nuclear power plants that use the nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium.

Our goal is to identify other possible beneficial uses of the materials produced by converting depleted uranium hexafluoride (UF6 ) to a more stable chemical form. We are also concerned about transportation and proper disposal of depleted uranium oxide conversion product (primarily depleted triuranium octaoxide [U3O8]) from converting DUF6 and assure that any direct disposal of these materials is safe with strict requirements to protect workers, the public, and the environment. This set goal is mandated under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the Department of Energy (DOE) requirements to dispose of depleted uranium oxide conversion products properly.

We partner with key global nuclear energy industry leaders in governments, industries, and commercial private sectors to deliver safe, sustainable nuclear engineering projects worldwide. We are an industry leader in nuclear facility safety and hazard materials transportation, disposal, site evaluation, radiation protection, accident, and root cause analysis. Our professional team has broad experience in nuclear safety; handling spent fuel comprising radioactive waste materials, and their proper disposal. We provide advanced nuclear safety experts and professional engineering support with the skills to safely dispose of spent fuel and radioactive materials from nuclear power plants and those in surface storage of commercial and government disposal project sites.

Our Strategic Objectives

Our company constantly responds to fill the needs in the emerging global energy markets and deal with clean, safe, sustainable energy and energy mix worldwide. These are our strategic objectives, to engage in

  • Deployment of new reactor technologies such as Generation IV reactors (Gen IV) is a set of nuclear reactor designs currently being researched for commercial applications by the Generation IV International Forum. They are motivated by various goals, including improved safety, sustainability, efficiency, and cost.
  • Combine cycle natural gas that can use both a gas and a steam turbine to produce electricity from the same fuel more than a traditional simple-cycle plant. The waste heat from the gas turbine is routed to the nearby steam turbine, which generates extra power.
  • Lithium salt battery storage that can rapidly charge and discharge energy
  • Investing in new nuclear technology such as the most recent atomic nuclear reactor to enter the market, “the Watts Bar Unit 2” with 1,122 MW net summer electricity generating capacity,

The use of safe nuclear technologies for energy production and other peaceful purposes is the primary focus of our business. Our company is committed to strengthening nuclear technology and safety worldwide, supporting innovations and technological advances permitted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). We endorse the use of Nuclear Power, including various safeguard approaches or mechanisms ensuring the continued safe operations of both the nuclear plants for electricity, and the collection, storage, and proper safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel waste materials.

Our primary objective is to contribute to the safe use of Nuclear Power and the nuclear safety framework established by IAEA worldwide, especially the future of nuclear safety in electrical power generation and the role of energy providers and other stakeholders in building trust with the public. We expect to build on the lessons learned from the past to strengthen further and encourage electrical power generation using nuclear power without compromising Nuclear Safety.

Radioisotopes used in science, industry, and medicine generate radioactive waste, primarily the operating and decommissioning of nuclear facilities and related activities create many radioactive waste materials. Handling these radioactive nuclear waste materials and corresponding disposal must keep people and the environment safe over long periods.

We emphasize the need for a continuous improvement approach towards nuclear safety, especially the assessment of safety precautions of nuclear waste collection, storage, and the utilization of state-of-the-art hazard and risk assessments procedure in the storage system, effective communication with the public aimed at building trust and establishing credibility, supporting a robust emergency preparedness and response framework throughout the waste collection and management system.

Nuclear technologies benefit people, places, and businesses everywhere. Radioactive materials are prevalent practically everywhere because they are used to sterilize foods to improve crops, used in science, to produce radioisotopes for medical use, and medical instruments to diagnose and treat patients. Importantly, radioactive materials are used in research and nuclear Reactors to create weapons or nuclear power plants to generate electricity for people. These various uses of nuclear technologies generate waste like many other processes. The radioactive isotopes used in science, industries, and medicine generate radioactive waste from operating and decommissioning nuclear facilities and other activities.

To ensure that these radioactive wastes pose no risk to people or the environment now and in the future, all countries using nuclear technologies have the responsibility to manage radioactive waste safely and securely. While radioactive isotopes are encouraged in agriculture, industries, and medicine, People and the environment must be protected from radioactive waste especially waste generated from spent fuel. Therefore, Nuclear Safety and Security are matters of national security and constitute national responsibilities. The  International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) helps the Member States upon request to meet these responsibilities.

 

Small Modular Nuclear Reactors

We no longer can rely solely on coal or natural gas. There is a need for an energy mix-use, and Nuclear energy is clean, emission-free, environmentally friendly, sustainable, and reliable clean.

Small modular nuclear reactors are emerging that can be integrated into hybrid energy systems as they will be more affordable, efficient, and flexible

A small modular nuclear reactor can integrate beautifully, safely, and seamlessly with energy mix sources like wind, solar, hydro, and other carbon-free energy sources.

There are increasing global interests in small modular nuclear reactors because they are affordable and can meet the immediate need for flexible power generation and a broader range of applications.

Nuclear Power can back up renewable energy sources as an energy mix. It is a low-carbon energy and power source that is paving the road to a carbon-free future. They exhibit the possibility of synergetic hybrid energy systems that combine nuclear and alternate energy mix sources, including renewables.

They can also replace many antiquated aging fossil fuel-fired power plants. Many countries, industries, and commercial markets are looking at nuclear energy to meet their power and climate needs

Furthermore, modular nuclear reactors display an enhanced excellent safety performance through inherent and passive safety features. They offer many options for remote regions with less developed power infrastructures.

Nuclear Power Plants

Energy is essential for sustainable economic growth and improved human welfare. We need clean,  steady, reliable energy and power to meet the future needs of people, economic growth, development, and sustainability. Nuclear energy provides access to clean, reliable, and affordable energy, mitigating the negative impacts of climate change. It is a significant part of the world energy mix, and its use will grow in the coming decades.

Black Crystal Energy supports the efficient and safe use of nuclear power to generate electricity. Due to the growing energy demand for development, we will continue promoting and supporting existing or new global innovative nuclear technology and programs. Our focus is on improving energy mix-use, providing safe energy and energy security, reducing environmental and health impacts, and mitigating climate change.

We continue to support the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear research in electrical and non-electric applications and atomic fusion development.

We also support the creative efforts to build and increase energy capacity, encouraging or promoting nuclear research to improve knowledge and develop efficient management of nuclear energy.

We support efforts that enhance and generate efficient production, transmission, and distribution of electrical power to meet the growing global energy demand for development.

Nuclear Waste Management

Many of the global markets and industrial activities rely on nuclear technologies that use radioactive materials. These include but may not be limited to the following:

  • Generating power for the communities. Electricity from nuclear power plants supply electricity to millions of homes
  • Research Institutions
  • Hospitals Pharmacetecules for RX. Producing radioisotopes for medical uses in X-Ray, medicines, and other therapeutic applications
  • Water Supply. Seawater desalination plant
  • Decarbonization and other industries
  • Checking welding in hydropower plants and oil pipelines
  • Food: Spices are cleaned and cleared of biological contaminants
  • Transportation

 

Radioactive waste is classified depending on the half-lives and the amount or level of radioactive activities of the nucleoid it contains. A nuclide is species of an atom with a specific number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, such as carbon-13 with 6 protons and 7 neutrons.

Radioactive elements are unstable, and they emit radiation as they decay. The decay rate is measured in half-lives. The half-life is the time it takes for the activity of a radio nucleid to half. After another half-life period, the action is again down by half. This half-life continues until the material emits a negligible amount of ionizing radiation.   Each radio nucleid has its half-life. Nuclear waste can remain hazardous for an extended period, stretching from a few hours or days to several hundreds of years.

However, radioactive waste can be classified depending on the half-lives and the level of radioactivity of the nucleid it contains. According to IAEA, there are Six Classes of Radioactive Wastes, and they are:

  1. HLW-High Level Waste
  2. ILW-Intermediate Level Waste
  3. LLW-Low Level Waste
  4. VLLW-Very Low Leve Waste
  5. VSLW-Very Short-Lived Waste
  6. EW-Exempt Waste

Each waste class has different management and disposal needs and requirements. The most considerable amount of nuclear waste comes from Spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power plants. There are modern techniques readily available to manage radioactive waste materials

Radionuclide waste varies with type, class, short half-lives and can be stored for a few days or a few years. These radioactive wastes are usually from radioactive materials used for laboratory scientific research, food processing, medical purposes, and remnants of nuclear-spent fuel.

Nuclear medicine therapy uses radiopharmaceuticals targeting specific tumors, such as thyroid, lymphomas, or bone metastases, delivering radiation to tumorous lesions as part of a therapeutic strategy to cure, mitigate or control the disease. It can be for selective organs as targets or throughout the entire body.

Irradiating food has the same benefits as when the food is heated, refrigerated, frozen, or treated with chemicals, but without changing the temperature or leaving residues. The technique of food irradiation controls spoilage and food-borne pathogenic micro-organisms or insect pests without significantly affecting taste or smell.

The advantages of Nuclear plants are:

  1. They bring jobs and prosperity to a country
  2. They provide the world with the most efficient electricity
  3. Not too many have caused natural disasters or extreme damages
  4. The plants’ Uranium fuels are readily accessible
  5. They make good business sense and a good economy
  6. They provide lots of energy which are produced from a small amount of uranium
  7. They do not emit carbon dioxide, so no greenhouse effect.
  8. They cause little pollution